Tag: Personhood
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Corporate Personhood: Constitutional Doctrine Without Constitutional Text, Part III
by William L. Kovacs, ©2026 (Aug. 10, 2026) — Part III — Citizens United and the Rise of Corporate Political Power From Artificial Entity to Political Actor. The decisive step in the evolution of corporate political power came with Citizens United. The case did not hold that corporations could make unlimited direct contributions to candidates.…
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Corporate Personhood: Constitutional Doctrine Without Constitutional Text, Part II
by William L. Kovacs, ©2026 (Jul. 27, 2026) — Part II — Santa Clara: The Decision That Never Explained Itself. The constitutional transformation of corporations from artificial beings to constitutionally protected political actors is often traced to the Supreme Court’s 1886 decision in Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Company. The litigation involved California’s…
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Corporate Personhood: Constitutional Doctrine Without Constitutional Text
by William L. Kovacs, ©2026 (Jul. 13, 2026) — One of the least understood controversies in constitutional law is how corporations were transformed from artificial beings of state law into constitutional actors possessing rights the states cannot withdraw. The transformation to personhood over time gave corporations greater practical political influence than individual citizens because the…
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The Family Image of Eden; The Gold Standard of Life and Happiness
by ProfDave, ©2025 (Mar. 20, 2025) — So, here we are, living as creatures called human on a modest green planet among other humans. Some of us live happily. Some of us live miserably. Most of us think we have some choices in the matter. You may have noticed that those who try the hardest…
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The Life of Zye – Who Will Cry?
by John Mikkelsen, ©2024 (Aug. 22, 2024) — Here’s a macabre little story that illustrates where humanity is headed – let’s call it The Life of Zye even though Zye never had a real name, or a life. It all began in the usual way, with the coupling of the mum and dad he never knew,…